Author: Sarah Shirly S. MSc
Reviewed By: Dr.Keerthi Pai, PhD
Our personalities define how we perceive the world and ourselves, shaping our responses to life’s myriad experiences. However, when these traits become rigid and unyielding, it can signify the presence of a personality disorder. The DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) lists ten distinct personality disorders, among which Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) stands out as one of the most complex and prevalent conditions (Gunderson, 2009). The National Education Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder (NEABPD) whose mission is to raise awareness, reduce stigma, and enhance the quality of life of people showing BPD symptoms chose the Ladybug as a ‘symbol of hope’.
BPD is characterized by a pattern of intense mood fluctuations, shifts in self-image, and unstable relationships. Individuals grappling with this disorder often encounter challenges in the following areas: interpersonal relationships, emotional regulation, impulse control, and a distorted self-image.
Interpersonal Relations: People with BPD symptoms often oscillate between periods of idealization (“You are the best thing in my life”) and devaluation (“You add no value to my life”) in their interactions with others.
Emotional Regulation: Technically termed emotional lability, BPD leads to extreme mood swings, resembling an “all or nothing” rollercoaster, particularly in response to adverse interpersonal events. Sudden bursts of anger, and difficult-to-manage emotions, combined with phases of calmness tinged with feelings of emptiness and boredom, are common.
Impulse Control: Individuals with BPD symptoms struggle with impulse control, engaging in risky behaviours like deliberate self-harm, substance use, binge eating, or interpersonal conflicts. These actions often serve as coping mechanisms to ease their distress, seek support, or signal a need for help.
Distorted Self-Image: Another facet involves a shaky and distorted self-image (Seeing oneself as unintelligent/unattractive/feeling they are nowhere near their ideal self), leading to identity confusion. They might adapt their values, behaviours, and attitudes based on those around them, further complicating their sense of self.
The origins of BPD can be multi-faceted, stemming from biological factors like genetic disposition combined with environmental factors contributing to adult BPD. Psychological factors, including childhood trauma, neglect, or a sense of not being fully understood, can also play a crucial role.
Psychological therapy stands as a pivotal cornerstone in the treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. Among the array of therapies, one that has gained significant recognition for its effectiveness is Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT). DBT helps people to accept the reality of their lives and their behaviours while learning to change their lives and their unhelpful behaviours. This therapeutic approach combines individual and group therapy, focusing on equipping individuals with BPD with essential skills to regulate their emotional states and diminish self-destructive behaviours. Crucially, building trust between the therapy-client and the DBT therapist becomes paramount, ensuring the individual feels heard, and validated, and recognizes their self-worth.
It’s important to note that this blog aims solely for educational purposes and does not substitute professional diagnosis. An accurate diagnosis should be done by a licensed Clinical Psychologist or Psychiatrist, referencing the diagnostic criteria outlined in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM V).
If you feel like you need help or support someone who is willing to take help please reach out to Element – H (044-2821 4112) to be psychologically assessed by a professional.
References
Gunderson, J. G. (2009). Borderline personality disorder: A clinical guide. American Psychiatric Pub.